The Group's cash flow from operations before changes in working capital and income taxes paid amounted to €4,178 million compared with €4,219 million in 2007, a decrease of 1.0%. The Group pursued its portfolio rationalization policy by selling €761 million (compared with €453 million in 2007) of industrial assets and financial disposals, disposing of entities outside of its core development (notably Clemessy and Crystal in the Energy division, for net proceeds of €226 million), and creating new partnerships designed to strengthen the Group's development capacity.
Total cash resources thereby increased from €4,672 million in 2007 to €4,939 million in 2008. Those resources cover the Group's interest expense and current tax charge, the totality of its maintenance capital expenditure (€1,860 million), its investment in growth and development linked to existing business (€1,169 million) and its new operating financial assets (€336 million) less repayments of operating financial assets (€358 million) as well as the change in working capital resulting from growth in business.
The Group continued its development efforts and completed new projects and targeted acquisitions amounting to €1,336 million, including in particular its BOT (Build, Operate and Transfer) projects in the UK, China and the Middle East as well as the acquisitions of Bartin Recycling Group in France and Praterm in Poland.
After these investments and the payment of dividends, the Group's net financial debt amounted to €16.5 billion at December 31, 2008 compared with €15.1 billion at December 31, 2007. The ratio of net financial debt / (cash flow from operations plus cash generated from principal payments on operating financial assets) stood at 3.6X at December 31, 2008 compared with 3.3X at December 31, 2007. The refinancing transactions entered into during the year made it possible to maintain the Group's average debt maturities in excess of 9 years and to increase the Group's liquidity, net of ishort-term debt, to €4.0 billion(1).